Diabetes is one of the leading causes of preventable vision loss worldwide. Damage from high blood sugar affects every part of the eye — the retina, the macula, the optic nerve, and even the lens (causing cataracts earlier than usual). The good news: most diabetic vision loss is preventable with good control and timely screening.

The main diabetic eye complications

Diabetic retinopathy — damage to retinal blood vessels (the most common cause of vision loss in working-age adults with diabetes).
Diabetic macular edema (DME) — fluid leaking into the macula, blurring central vision.
Neovascular glaucoma — abnormal vessels growing on the iris, raising eye pressure dangerously.
Cataract — cloudy lens, often earlier and faster in diabetic eyes.
Optic nerve damage — non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is more common in diabetes.

How often should a diabetic have an eye check?

Type 2 diabetics should have a dilated retinal exam at diagnosis, then at least once a year. Pregnant diabetics or those planning pregnancy should be screened every trimester. Patients already treated: we plan the interval around your OCT findings.

What protects your vision

Strict blood-sugar control (HbA1c in target)
Blood pressure control
Cholesterol and lipid management
Stopping smoking
Annual retinal screening — even if you don't notice any change
Prompt treatment with Anti-VEGF injections or laser if disease develops

Our diabetic eye service offers screening, PRP laser, focal laser, Anti-VEGF injections, and vitrectomy surgery — all in our Al-Shaab clinic.

Diabetic Eye Complications